Gaspard meyer



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GASPARD MEYER. OF PARIS, FRANCE.

REN-DERING MANUSCRIPTS, &,c., INCQMBIUSTIBLE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 280,500, dated July 3,

' Application filed April 4, 1883. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, GASPARD MEYER, of the city of Paris, France, have invented a new and useful improvement in rendering manuscripts incombusti ble, and also paper-hangings, stagescenery, molded and modeled objects of an ornamental or decorative character, inrelief or otherwise, and, in short, all objects. to the manufacture of which the said' products can- .be applied, of which the following is a full,

clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to a process, and to the products resulting therefrom, of rendering uninflammablc and incombustible printed matter and manuscripts of all sorts or descriptions, and also paper-hangings, stage-scenery, molded and modeled objects of an ornamental or decorative character, in relief or otherwise, and, in short, all objects to the manufacture of which the said products can be applied.

The invention consists in the composition of an ink and of a pulp\ for the manufacture, among other applications, of a paper,,rendering uninfiammable and incombustible all writings, printed'ma-tter, engravings, or drawings. Molded and modeled work, as well as ornaments or decorations in relief, in the produc-;

tion of which these elements enter, are-likewise rendered uninflammable and incombu'sti ble, and even indelible and unal-terable, by the action of acids, or by atemperature of 1000 to 1200 centigrade, to which the documents or other objects may be exposed, the ink remaining always transparent and unalterable. The

pulp-of which these different objects are made,

and which constitutes an important feature of the invention, is prepared of a composition into which enters asbestus fiber, or any other fibrous mineral having similar properties.

To manufacture an uninfiammable and incombustible paper, I first grind about five hundred kilos of raw asbestus fiber, and afterward card it, taking the finest qualities for the purpose according as I wish to produce a paper of good quality. The waste fiber is saved and put on one side for the manufacture of card-board or other inferior products, as will be hereinafter explained. The mineral fiber of good quality, after being ground and carded, is placed in a vat and moistened with 0 plain water. In order to form a bath suitable for the purification and bleaching of the pulp, the vat is first filled with asbestus fiber, and

I upon the pulp tlius moistened I pour about five kilos of chloride of sodium or of potassium for each one hundred of pulp to be bleached or purified. Chloride 'of lime and hydrochloric acid may also be employed with advantage.- To purify and bleach the pulp, it is afierward washed and ground by ordinary means. At

the timeof manufacture I further add mica, pulverized or reduced to fine powder, in the proportion of eight or ten kilos for each one huntion of ocherousclay or artificial ultramarine,

according to the color it is desired to impart to the substance of the paper or card-board. The pulps thus prepared receivea first sizing of gelatine and asecond fireproofing composition of sixty parts of any silicate whatever and forty parts of distilled or plain water.

The manufacture of the paper is conducted in the ordinary way of making laid or watermark paper, either by hand or machine.

The colored paper or cardboard treated as above described by this fireproofing preparation or sizing isunalterable either by acids or by the action of fire, the color remaining always transparent and indelible.

The mode of manufacture is similar in the case of paper -hangings, fancy papers, and others to be used for decorative purposes, for stage-scenery, hangings, and other purposes. The papers, after being manufactured as above described, are ornamented by the application of the incombustib'le, ink of this invention. This ink may. be made of any color, and is always unalterable. Its composition will be described hereinafter for the principal applications of which it is susceptible.

For the manufacture of paper-hangings I generally employ the waste mineral fibers, or those of second quality. If it be desired to color the mass ofv the pulp, I add a quantity of ocherous .clay, which should not, however, exceedfifteen kilos to one hundred of fibrous pulp, as a greater proportion would preju- 5 dice the suppleness of the paper, so that when exposed to a high temperature it is liable to become brittle. The paper -hangings are printed or otherwise decorated by means of the incombustible ink of this invention,.the

: process and means employedbeing similar to those already in use, and therefore unnecessary to be here specified.

The hangings and decorations made accord' ing to this invention not only have the great advantage of being uninflammable and incombustible, but the further one of circumscribing the area of a fire, while the printed characters, decorations, or painting preserve their trans- -.parency and color. r I

This incombustible pulp or composition may also be applied to the production of ornaments in relief of all kinds, and particularly on ceramic and crystal ware, for the indefinite preservation' between two thickenssessofglass or gravings, and printed matter of an important nature, 'such as the inscriptions intended to be embedded in the earth or placed beneath the foundation-stones of edifices and monuments, and which, colored by means of this ink, will be rendered quite indestructible, the composition or pulp being capable of supporting the heat at which the objects are fired or burned,

whether inclosed between crystals, where it is placed in the fused state, or in relief. It is even capable of supporting metallization.

For the relief ornamentation of ceramic, crystal, or other ware susceptible of being fired again at a high temperature, or of being metallized with another metal, the pulp or composition is prepared and composed as follows: asbestus or other similar mineral fiber, eighty parts; white or ocherous clay, compounded according, eight parts; silicate of soda or potash, six parts; plain or distilled water, five parts; glycerine, one part. This same composition serves for molding frames, medallions, tablets, for modeling ornaments in relief, for the internal decoration of houses, theaters, and other structures, and whichare desired to be uninflammable and incombustible. It is only necessary to take .a quantity of thepulp sufficient for making the desired objects and render it as 1 "fectly uninfiammable and incombustible, and

I if the pulp is colored by means of this process the transparency of the colors resists all 'temperatures.

In enumerating hereinafter the various form- I 9 ulae which give good results for the manufacture of different pulps or compositions which are uninflammable and incombustible,it should be understood that I do not limit myself thereother material of documents, portraits, en-

homogeneous as possible, whereby any desired moldings, coatings, and decorations may be.

inflammable and incombustible at a very high temperature,Itake,first,asbestus fiber or other mineral fiber having the same properties, purified and bleached, as above explained, four hundred and sixty kilos; second, mica of good quality, finely pulverized, thirty kilos; third, vegetable pulp of good quality, ten kilos total, five hundred kilos. a

Second formula: For second-quality'paper stuff I take, first, waste-fibers from the preparation of those used-in preceding formula, or fibers of inferior quality,--five hundred kilos; second, white clay or pulverized silica, forty kilos; third, ordinary vegetable pulp, ten kilos; total, five hundred and fifty kilos.

If it be desired to obtain paper stuff (colored throughout the mass, I substitute for the white clay or silica natural ochery clay or ultramarine, (artificiah) R The fire-proof sizing of the pulp is as follows: To size one hundred kilos of pulp, I.first size with gelatine or other sizing as for ordinary vegetable pulps, and I then size a second time with any silicate whatever and water. I may alsosize at one operation as follows: To size one hundred kilos of pulp, I dissolve, in the usual way, four kilos of gelatine or othersizing. I add to the gelatine, kept liquid by heat, six kilos of soda or potash. It' will be evident other proportions may be adopted for the ingredients of these mixtures, and that for any having similar properties, purified by chloride I of sodium, potassium or lime, and hydrochloric acid, combined, according to requirements,

with mica, silica, natural clays, and with'gelatine, glycerine, silicates, oil, parafiine,'resin,

and paste.

'The fire-proof sizing above described ma also, according to circumstances, be replaced by :anotherfireproofing treatment, which con sistsin producing upon the pulp the same effects as the silicates, to a certain extent, by immersing the paper made as above described two parts, by weight, of priming-acid and one part of water, and afterward washing.

The manufacture of the ink to be used in combination with the products made of the said pulp, and which is also completely incombustible, varies according to its diverse intended applications. Generally, for the manufacture of all kinds or qualities of incombustible ink, I proceed first in the following way for the colors to be produced, artificial ultramarine, natural or calcined clays, being the es- I 20 rapidly'in a bath of sulphuric acid, formed of I r:

' ultramarine burntblackorotherblack. I will therefore only indicate here the followingamp-.500 3 sential constituents of the coloring-matters. These matters are generally employed alone or mixed together, sired for the incombustible ink. By proceed- 'ing in the following way excellent results are obtainable, and all colors or inks for printing or writing remain incombustible and indelible by the action of acids, air, and fire, whatever may be the temperature to which the writing or printing may be exposed, and always retain their pristine transparency and brilliancy.

The essential part of the process for liqnei'ying the indestructible and indelible inks consists in employing, according to the different combinations and requirements, plain or distilled water, sugar, silicates of soda or potash, or others, glycerine, borax, or boracic acid, added to oils or to compositions already in general use for the manufacture of certain printing-inks, which it is unnecessary to describe. To make indestructible inks of all colors, the mixtures are effected with the coloring-mat ters already specified in the following manner:

For example, in order to make a black ink, I use the dark-brown clay generally known as cassel-earth or sienna, with artificial ultraniarine, in the following proportions:

Black ink: sienna or casselearth, (dark brown,) eighty parts; artificial ultramarine,

twenty parts; total, one hundred parts. Vio let ink: red ocher, fifty parts; ultramarine, fifty parts; total, one hundred parts. Orange color: red ocher, fifiy parts; yellow ocher, fifty parts; total, one hundred parts. The latter color, when exposed to fire at a high temperature, becomes dark red.

The natural colors employed for the following shades are: chestnut-brown, the clay called sienna or cassel-earth; red, the clay called red-ocher earth, yellow, the clay called yellow eartln blue, artificial or natural ultramarine.

The proportions above given may be varied indefinitely, according to the shades to be obtained, and I do not therefore limit myself to the proportions specified. I may also, in order to obtain greater brilliancy, modify the tone of the shades above described or add other colors. For example, in the first mixture above specified I may substitute for the artificial formula for writing-ink: oxide, dissolved borax or other flux, forty parts; glycerine of commerce, five parts; silicate, ten parts; water,

forty-five parts; total, one hundred parts.

To make a printing-ink,, I employ the following proportions: Oxide, dissolved, fifty-five parts; glycerine, five parts; printers oils orinks, forty parts; total, one lnnidred parts.

I may proceed in the same way for all the oxides and obtain incombustible inks of all shades; but they are very costly, and do not give such good results as the clays combined explained, thirty parts; second, commercial glycerine, ten parts; third, silicate of soda or and mixed according to the following formula For an indestructible writing-ink of anyv I according to the shade decolor, take, first, clay, pure or mixed, as above potash, forty parts; fourth, plain or distilled water, twenty parts; total, one hundredparts- The following also gives a good writing-ink: I

"First, clay, pure or mixed, twenty parts; second, silicate, sixty parts; third, plain water, twenty parts; total, one hundred parts. proportions may, however, be varied indefi- The nitely; and I. do not therefore limit myself thereto.

To make copying-ink, it is only necessary to dissolve in water two per cent. of sugar-candy or three per cent. of raw sugar.

Indestructibleprinting, autographic, and lithographic inks may be obtained by the fol-j lowing forniu'lzez'clay, pure or mixed, seventy parts; .virgin wax, twenty parts; glycerine,

silicate, five parts; total, one hunfive parts, dred parts. I

Composition of ink for typographic and other printing: clay, pure or mixed, seventy-.

five parts; boiled linseed or nut oil, twenty parts; glycerine, one'part; silicate, four parts;

total, one hundred parts.

Composition of ink for copper plate printing: clay, pure or mixed, eighty parts; silicate; ten parts; turpentine of goodquality, five parts; glycerine, five parts; total, one hundred parts.

For the decoration or printing of wall-papers, I

the argils maybe simply diluted in a paste or other sort of gunn As above described, otherproportions for the mixtures may be employed, the general conditions of the manufacture being a discretionary choice and proportion of the ingredi-- ents above described and an intimate mixing together,in order to obtain a homogeneous and:

sirupy composition. v

To produce water-colors for printing on the uninflammable and incombustible paper and card-board of the invention, and for the docii ments to be incased between two parts of crys tal or common glass in a state of fusion, I proceed as follows. The glaze colors employed for the decoration of crystal or ceramic ware are specially suitable for the manufacture of viater-colors, the addition of silicates of soda or potash employed alone or combined witlrspirit of turpentine, being of essential importance.

' Formula 1 Fusible enamel color, eighty-- five part-s; silicate, five parts; spirits of turpentine, ten parts; total, onehu-ndred parts.

Formula 2: Hard enamel color, eighty parts; silicate, ten parts; water,plain or distilled, ten parts; total, one hundred parts.

These compounds,hesides being indestructible andsuitable for use with advantage on the indestructible paper or.card board of this invention, may be nscfull y employed for the decoration of ceramic ware generally. By the above means all shades of water-colors may be obtained; but in this case also the proportions may be varied.

1. The composition of a pulp forrendering any silicate, all as above described,and for the purposes set forth.

2. Thecomposition of an ink or coloringtluid formed of a mixture of water, glyeerine,

borax orboracic acid, and oil,with the coloring-,

matter added to it for giving a tint to the ink,

3. The combination of the above-described.

paper-pulp, containing asbestus fiber, mica, talc, argil, and silicate, as above described, with the ink composedof water, glycerine, borax, oil, and coloring-matter, the whole product being incombustible and uninfl ammable, substantially as described.

The foregoing specification signed my me this lstday of March, 1883.

, GASPARD MEYER.

Vitnesses:

EDWARD P. MACLEAN, JEAN BAPTISTE ROLLAND. 

